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Volcanic eruptions that rated 6 on the volcanic explosivity index. Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 10 km 3 (2.4 cu mi) with profound long-term effects on the surrounding area and noticeable short-term effects on global climate.
Volcanoes known to have Hawaiian activity include: Puʻu ʻŌʻō, a parasitic cinder cone located on Kilauea on the island of Hawaiʻi which erupted continuously from 1983 to 2018. The eruptions began with a 6 km (4 mi)-long fissure-based "curtain of fire" on 3 January 1983. These gave way to centralized eruptions on the site of Kilauea's east ...
The conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid, which condenses rapidly in the stratosphere to form fine sulfate aerosols. A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the Sun and raising Earth's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large, sulfur-rich, particularly explosive volcanic eruption.
6.6 [n 6] Linked to the Iceland hotspot. [5] [54] Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up: 32.5 Southwest United States: mainly in Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and New Mexico 5.5: Mostly andesite to rhyolite explosive (.5 million km 3) to effusive (5 million km 3) eruptions, 25–40 Ma. Includes many volcanic centers, including the San Juan volcanic field ...
Volcanoes that have produced explosive VEI-6 eruptions. Such eruptions release a tephra volume of at least 10 km 3 (2.4 cu mi) with profound long-term effects on the surrounding area and noticeable short-term effects on global climate .
The 15 June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo (VEI 6) in the Philippines released a total of 18 ± 4 Tg of SO 2. [11] Such large VEI 6 eruptions are rare and only occur once every 50 – 100 years. The 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (VEI 4) in Iceland emitted a total of 5.1 Tg CO 2. [12] VEI 4 eruptions occur about once per year.
Philippine authorities ordered the evacuation of residents living near a volcano in central Philippines on Tuesday following an eruption that sent a five km (three miles) high ash cloud into the sky.
Compositional analysis has been very successful in the grouping of volcanoes by type, [9]: 274 origin of magma, [9]: 274 including matching of volcanoes to a mantle plume of a particular hotspot, mantle plume melting depths, [10] the history of recycled subducted crust, [9]: 302–3 matching of tephra deposits to each other and to volcanoes of ...