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Hydrodesulfurization or hydrodesulphurisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) (HDS), also called hydrotreatment or hydrotreating, is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
In this sense, the European Union has taken steps to decrease the sulfur content in diesel below 10 ppm, [6] while the US has made efforts to restrict the sulfur content in diesel and gasoline to a maximum of 15 ppm. [7] The reduction of sulfur compounds in oil fuels can be achieved by a process named desulfurization. [8]
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. [1] The term usually refers to the removal of sulfur from a molecule or a material by hydrogenolysis: [2] R 2 S + 2 H 2 → 2RH + H 2 S. Hydrogen is the ultimate sulfur acceptor. As applied to oil refinery streams, the conversion is known as ...
A typical fluid catalytic cracking unit in a petroleum refinery. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products.
Dry sorbent injection systems that introduce powdered hydrated lime (or other sorbent material) into exhaust ducts to eliminate SO 2 and SO 3 from process emissions. [1] For a typical coal-fired power station, flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) may remove 90 per cent or more of the SO 2 in the flue gases. [2]
The Shell–Paques process, also known by the trade name of Thiopaq O&G, [1] is a gas desulfurization technology for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from natural-, refinery-, synthesis- and biogas. The process was initially named after the Shell Oil and Paques purification companies. After accession of a dedicated joint venture by the founders ...
Today, refineries are struggling to find ways to dispose of their increasing amount of sulfurous streams and waste products. Large amounts of high-sulfur residuals, particularly heavy oil and petroleum coke, are being produced and sold as fuel to the marine market or the cement industry.
The Dangote Refinery is an oil refinery owned by Dangote Group that was inaugurated on 22 May 2023 [1] in Lekki, Nigeria.When fully operational, it is expected to have the capacity to process about 650,000 barrels of crude oil per day, making it the largest single-train refinery in the world.