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Hydrodesulfurization or hydrodesulphurisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) (HDS), also called hydrotreatment or hydrotreating, is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
In this sense, the European Union has taken steps to decrease the sulfur content in diesel below 10 ppm, [6] while the US has made efforts to restrict the sulfur content in diesel and gasoline to a maximum of 15 ppm. [7] The reduction of sulfur compounds in oil fuels can be achieved by a process named desulfurization. [8]
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material. [1] The term usually refers to the removal of sulfur from a molecule or a material by hydrogenolysis: [2] R 2 S + 2 H 2 → 2RH + H 2 S. Hydrogen is the ultimate sulfur acceptor. As applied to oil refinery streams, the conversion is known as ...
Flue gas desulfurization scrubbers have been applied to combustion units firing coal and oil that range in size from 5 MW to 1,500 MW. Scottish Power are spending £400 million installing FGD at Longannet power station, which has a capacity of over 2,000 MW. Dry scrubbers and spray scrubbers have generally been applied to units smaller than 300 MW.
Ever since the late 1950s, when commercial quantities of oil were first discovered in Nigeria's Niger Delta basin, West Africa has been an area of interest for oil and gas exploration and ...
The Dangote Refinery is an oil refinery owned by Dangote Group that was inaugurated on 22 May 2023 [1] in Lekki, Nigeria.When fully operational, it is expected to have the capacity to process about 650,000 barrels of crude oil per day, making it the largest single-train refinery in the world.
Energy in Africa is a scarcer commodity than in the developed world – annual consumption is 518 KWh in Sub-Saharan Africa, the same amount of electricity used by an individual in an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD – example is the U.S.) country in 25 days. [12] More than 500 million people live without electricity.
Today, refineries are struggling to find ways to dispose of their increasing amount of sulfurous streams and waste products. Large amounts of high-sulfur residuals, particularly heavy oil and petroleum coke, are being produced and sold as fuel to the marine market or the cement industry.