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Media bias is the bias or perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of events, the stories that are reported, and how they are covered. The term generally implies a pervasive or widespread bias violating the standards of journalism , rather than the perspective of an individual journalist or article ...
Selection bias involves individuals being more likely to be selected for study than others, biasing the sample. This can also be termed selection effect, sampling bias and Berksonian bias. [3] Spectrum bias arises from evaluating diagnostic tests on biased patient samples, leading to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the ...
Academic bias is the bias or perceived bias of scholars allowing their beliefs to shape their research and the scientific community. It can refer to several types of scholastic prejudice, e.g., logocentrism , phonocentrism , [ 1 ] ethnocentrism or the belief that some sciences and disciplines rank higher than others.
In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. An estimator or decision rule with zero bias is called unbiased. In statistics, "bias" is an objective property of an estimator.
Biased sample, a sample falsely taken to be typical of a population; Estimator bias, a bias from an estimator whose expectation differs from the true value of the parameter; Personal equation, a concept in 19th- and early 20th-century science that each observer had an inherent bias when it came to measurements and observations
Political bias is a bias or perceived bias involving the slanting or altering of information to make a political position or political candidate seem more attractive. With a distinct association with media bias , it commonly refers to how a reporter, news organisation, or TV show covers a political candidate or a policy issue.
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Advertising bias, when stories are selected or slanted to please advertisers. [8] Anti-science bias, when stories promote superstition or other non-scientific ideas. [9] Concision bias, a tendency to report views that can be summarized succinctly, crowding out more unconventional views that take time to explain. [citation needed]