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This article summarizes the world palladium production by country. This is a list of countries by palladium production in kilograms, based upon data from the United States Geological Survey. [1] In 2019, the world production of palladium totaled 210,000 kilograms—down 5% from 220,000 kg in 2018.
Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry. [77] Catalytic converters are targets for thieves because they contain palladium and other rare metals. In the run up to year 2000, the Russian supply of palladium to the global market was repeatedly delayed and disrupted; for political reasons, the export quota was not ...
In 2011, GFMS estimated 240 tonnes net sale of gold. [6] [7]The company estimated that electronic waste recycling increase 14% between 2000 and 2014. [8] In 2016, they report a silver supply deficit.
Although both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in art, jewelry, and coinage. Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. [1]
Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry. [78] It is also used for some medical, high grade steel, industrial, dental and electronic purposes. Palladium prices rose sharply during the millennium period [ 67 ] due to increased demand, then collapsed to nearly their original starting price by the end 2002, [ 67 ...
Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond.
Naturally occurring platinum and platinum-rich alloys were known by pre-Columbian Americans for many years. [5] However, even though the metal was used by pre-Columbian peoples, the first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) as a description of a mysterious metal found in Central American mines between ...
In statistics, compositional data are quantitative descriptions of the parts of some whole, conveying relative information. Mathematically, compositional data is represented by points on a simplex. Measurements involving probabilities, proportions, percentages, and ppm can all be thought of as compositional data.