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Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or inhibiting or suppressing estrogen production .
Anastrozole is surprisingly ineffective at treating gynecomastia, in contrast to selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen. [33] [34] Anastrozole was under development for the treatment of female infertility but did not complete development and hence was never approved for this indication. [35]
Ovarian stimulation with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole has been proposed for ovulation induction in order to treat unexplained female infertility. In a multi-center study funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development, ovarian stimulation with letrozole resulted in a significantly lower frequency of multiple gestation (i.e., twins or triplets) but also a lower frequency ...
[28] [33] [34] In one study, 89% of those who developed gynecomastia and 98% of those who developed breast pain did so within the first 6 months. [33] Of those who developed gynecomastia, around 55% did so in the first 3 months, around 35% between 3 and 6 months, and 10% after more than 6 months. [33]
Estrogen: SC implant: 50–200 mg every 6–24 mos Estradiol valerate: Progynova: Estrogen: Oral: 2–10 mg/day Progynova: Estrogen: Sublingual: 1–8 mg/day Delestrogen [c] Estrogen: IM, SC: 2–10 mg/wk or 5–20 mg every 2 wks Estradiol cypionate: Depo-Estradiol: Estrogen: IM, SC: 2–10 mg/wk or 5–20 mg every 2 wks Estradiol dipropionate ...
In transgender women, breast development is a desired effect of antiandrogen or estrogen treatment. [63] [212] Breast development and gynecomastia induced by bicalutamide is thought to be mediated by increased activation of the ER secondary to blockade of the AR (resulting in disinhibition of the ER in breast tissue) and increased levels of ...
The main source of estrogen is the ovaries in premenopausal women, while in post-menopausal women most of the body's estrogen is produced via the conversion of androgens into estrogen by the aromatase enzyme in the peripheral tissues (i.e. adipose tissue like that of the breast) and a number of sites in the brain. Estrogen is produced locally ...
[10] [38] The estrogen component of oral contraceptives, which is almost always EE, can cause breast tenderness and fullness. [28] In males, EE has additional side effects, including gynecomastia (breast development), feminization in general, hypogonadism , infertility , and sexual dysfunction (e.g., reduced libido and erectile dysfunction ).