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Parchment exposed to UV light can also have a photochemical reaction causing it to become brittle. [5] Flaking and friability; Consolidation of media on parchment, such as those found in illuminated manuscripts, is compromised by the instability of the parchment substrate. Excessive flexing or chemical changes in the parchment can lead to loss ...
The conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents, and ephemera is an activity dedicated to extending the life of items of historical and personal value made primarily from paper, parchment, and leather. When applied to cultural heritage, conservation activities are generally undertaken by a conservator. The primary goal of ...
Parchment is also extremely affected by its environment and changes in humidity, which can cause buckling. Books with parchment pages were bound with strong wooden boards and clamped tightly shut by metal (often brass) clasps or leather straps; [20] this acted to keep the pages pressed flat despite humidity changes. Such metal fittings ...
An unidentified Christian hymn in Greek. [5] Hurst, André; Rudhardt, Jean, eds. (1999). Papyri Bodmer XXX-XXXVII. "Codex des Visions", Poèmes divers. München: K. G. Saur. ISBN 978-3-598-22554-3. OCLC 955576831. The Bodmer Codex of Visions Papyrus Bodmer 38 (XXXVIII) 4th/5th-centuries [11] The Shepherd of Hermas, visions 1-3, in Greek. A ...
Tear 4 sheets of parchment paper, each about 2 feet long. Place one-fourth of the pasta mixture in the center of each sheet of parchment. Bring the long sides of the parchment up above the pasta so the edges meet. Fold the edges together and keep folding down until tight over the pasta.
The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
Using large sheets of parchment paper, Stewart’s method requires wrapping the turkey entirely and then stapling the parchment paper shut. Then, toss that big bird in the oven, and when the ...
Add the clams, wine, pepper flakes, and water. Cover and simmer until the liquid reduces in volume by about half, 5 minutes. When the clams have opened, discard the garlic and any empty clam shells.