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Toyota Prius Prime: 2016: 8.8: Li-ion-40: 65 Toyota RAV4: 2015: 1.6: ... gradual braking: Regenerative brakes re-use the energy of braking, but cannot absorb energy ...
Regenerative braking has a similar energy equation to the equation for the mechanical flywheel. Regenerative braking is a two-step process involving the motor/generator and the battery. The initial kinetic energy is transformed into electrical energy by the generator and is then converted into chemical energy by the battery.
The only self-charging effect is in energy recovery via regenerative braking, which is also true of plug-in hybrids, fuel cell electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles. [ 112 ] In January 2020, using this term has been prohibited in Norway , for misleading advertising by Toyota and Lexus . [ 113 ] "
EPA/DOT fuel economy and environment sticker for the 2021 Toyota Prius Prime. The Prius Prime has an EPA fuel economy rating of 133 mpg‑e (25.3 kW⋅h/100 mi) in all-electric mode (EV mode), the highest mpg-e rating of any vehicle with an internal combustion engine, making the Prime the most energy-efficient plug-in hybrid when operating in ...
The Prius liftback is the top-selling model with 1,812,800 units, followed by the Aqua with 1,154,500 units, the Prius α with 446,400, and the Prius plug-in with 22,100. [17] Cumulative sales of Honda 's hybrid vehicles since November 1999 reached 25,239 units by January 2009, [ 199 ] and in March 2010, Honda announced that the new 2010 ...
Brake-by-wire technology has been widely commercialized with the introduction of Battery Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles. The most widely used application by Toyota in the high volume Prius was preceded by the GM EV1, the Rav4 EV, and other EVs where the technology is required for regenerative braking. Ford, General Motors, and most other ...
The battery control computers keep the state of charge (SoC) between approximately 40% and 80% (shallow cycling), where the average SoC hovers around 60 percent, allowing about 400 Wh of useful energy storage to capture energy from regenerative braking and to release it back into the hybrid drive-train through Motor-generator 1 and Motor ...
An internal NHTSA memo indicated that the issue was the "short delay" in regenerative braking when hitting a bump, resulting in increased stopping distance. [97] On February 6, 2010, Toyota said that it had fixed the braking problem on Prius models built since late January 2010 via a software update for the ABS to improve brake response. [2]