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Canadian farm girl churning butter, 1893. Churning is the process of shaking up cream or whole milk to make butter, usually using a device called butter churn.In Europe from the Middle Ages until the Industrial Revolution, a churn was usually as simple as a barrel with a plunger in it, moved by hand.
The baker has determined how much a recipe's ingredients weigh, and uses uniform decimal weight units. All ingredient weights are divided by the flour weight to obtain a ratio, then the ratio is multiplied by 100% to yield the baker's percentage for that ingredient:
Today, most skim milk is created by spinning whole milk in a centrifuge so that the fat droplets separate out. [5] To make low fat milk, one can simply mix skim and whole milk in a fixed ratio. [6] The fat content of the raw milk produced by cows ranges from about 3.3% up to 5%.
Non-fat milk, also labeled "fat-free milk" or "skim milk", contains less than 0.5% fat; Low-fat milk is 1% fat; Reduced-fat milk is 2% fat; Whole milk contains at least 3.25% fat; Cheeses. Dry curd and nonfat cottage cheese contain less than 0.5% fat; Lowfat cottage cheese contains 0.5–2% fat; Cottage cheese contains at least 4% fat
The Gerber method is a primary and historic chemical test to determine the fat content of substances, most commonly milk and cream. [1] The Gerber method is the primary testing method in Europe and much of the world. [ 2 ]
Traditionally, it was the liquid left behind after churning butter out of cultured cream. As most modern butter in Western countries is not made with cultured cream but uncultured sweet cream, most modern buttermilk in Western countries is cultured separately. It is common in warm climates where unrefrigerated milk sours quickly. [3]
Grade AA butter, made from sweet cream, is the highest grade of butter, has a sweet flavor, and is readily spreadable. [1] If the butter is salted, the salt must be evenly distributed and not interfere with the smooth texture of the butter. [3] To get this grade, the butter must achieve a score of at least 93 out of a possible 100. [5]
Food coloring is sometimes added to butter. [2] Rendering butter, removing the water and milk solids, produces clarified butter, or ghee, which is almost entirely butterfat. Butter is a water-in-oil emulsion resulting from an inversion of the cream, where the milk proteins are the emulsifiers.