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The Book of Caverns is one of the best sources of information about the Egyptian concept of hell. [2] The Book of Caverns originated in the 13th century BC in the Ramesside Period. [3] The earliest known version of this work is on the left hand wall of the Osireion in Abydos. [1] Later it appears in the tomb of Ramesses IV in the Valley of the ...
The first seven caverns contained groups of three mummiform and three anthropomorphic deities, two male and one female in each triad. From the 8th to the 20th cavern, one would find divinities in variable numbers: in the 8th, for example, there were seven groups along with individual divinities, and at least twenty of them in the 9th. [ 4 ]
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The ceilings are decorated with astronomical figures and constellations in the first few divisions of the corridor, while in the last two divisions, and continuing into the first hall [designated Hall E by Piankoff], is a double presentation of both the Book of the Day and the Book of the Night, framed by an elongated image of the goddess Nut.
The Book of Gates is an ancient Egyptian funerary text dating from the New Kingdom. [1] The Book of Gates is long and detailed, consisting of one hundred scenes. [2] It narrates the passage of a newly deceased soul into the next world journeying with the sun god, Ra, through the underworld during the hours of the night towards his resurrection ...
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[1] The text describes the Duat, or underworld, as a realm divided into twelve caves, much like the twelve hours found in the Amduat and the Book of Gates, two other funerary texts from the early New Kingdom. Each cave is described as containing several groups of deities who grant benefits to the soul of a deceased person, such as enabling the ...
The savants accompanying Napoleon's campaign in Egypt surveyed the Valley of the Kings and designated KV2 as "IIe Tombeau" ("2nd Tomb") in their list. [10] Other visitors of note included James Burton , who mapped the tomb in 1825, and the Franco-Tuscan Expedition of 1828–1829, who conducted an epigraphic survey of the tomb's inscriptions.