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2. Equivalence class - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_class

   The set of all equivalence classes in with respect to an equivalence relation is denoted as /, and is called modulo (or the quotient set of by ). [3] The surjective map x ↦ [ x ] {\displaystyle x\mapsto [x]} from X {\displaystyle X} onto X / R , {\displaystyle X/R,} which maps each element to its equivalence class, is called the canonical ...

3. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

   This article lists mathematical properties and laws of sets, involving the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions, and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations.

4. Algebra of sets - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_sets

   The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".

5. Equinumerosity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinumerosity

   Assuming the existence of an infinite set N consisting of all natural numbers and assuming the existence of the power set of any given set allows the definition of a sequence N, P(N), P(P(N)), P(P(P(N))), … of infinite sets where each set is the power set of the set preceding it. By Cantor's theorem, the cardinality of each set in this ...

6. Equivalence relation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation

   Equality is also the only relation on a set that is reflexive, symmetric and antisymmetric. In algebraic expressions, equal variables may be substituted for one another, a facility that is not available for equivalence related variables. The equivalence classes of an equivalence relation can substitute for one another, but not individuals ...

7. Equivalence (measure theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_(measure_theory)

   Define the two measures on the real line as = [,] () = [,] for all Borel sets. Then and are equivalent, since all sets outside of [,] have and measure zero, and a set inside [,] is a -null set or a -null set exactly when it is a null set with respect to Lebesgue measure.