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Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
"Polybutadiene" is a collective name for homopolymers formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. The IUPAC refers to polybutadiene as "poly(buta-1,3-diene)". Historically, an early generation of synthetic polybutadiene rubber produced in Germany by Bayer using sodium as a catalyst was known as "Buna rubber".
Its susceptibility to 1,4-addition reactions is illustrated by its hydrocyanation. Like many dienes, it undergoes Pd-catalyzed reactions that proceed via allyl complexes. [28] It is a partner in Diels–Alder reactions, e.g. with maleic anhydride to give tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. [29]
One of the most common way to attach functionality onto a preexisting polymer backbone is through free radical reaction. Free radicals can be formed through plasma, peroxide initiation, etc. [3] When there is a free radical on the polyolefin chain, maleic anhydride [4] can be attached to promote
For example, in the free-radical copolymerization of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, r 1 = 0.097 and r 2 = 0.001, [11] so that most chains ending in styrene add a maleic anhydride unit, and almost all chains ending in maleic anhydride add a styrene unit. This leads to a predominantly alternating structure.
New research suggests that drinking sparkling water can help support weight loss through satiety and energy production. Researcher Akira Takanashi of Japan and nutrition experts shared thoughts.
The International Boxing Association said Monday it will file criminal complaints against the International Olympic Committee in the U.S., France and Switzerland. The Swiss-based IOC allowing ...
228.288 g·mol −1 ... Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. [3] [4]