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Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer is formed, retaining the aromaticity of the styrene. The Diels–Alder product can be re-aromatized using elemental sulfur at high temperature, followed by a second rearomatization by decarboxylation with barium hydroxide and copper: [3] Wagner-Jauregg reaction
One of the most common way to attach functionality onto a preexisting polymer backbone is through free radical reaction. Free radicals can be formed through plasma, peroxide initiation, etc. [3] When there is a free radical on the polyolefin chain, maleic anhydride [4] can be attached to promote
Polybutadiene [butadiene rubber, BR] is a synthetic rubber. It offers high elasticity, high resistance to wear, good strength even without fillers, and excellent abrasion resistance when filled and vulcanized. "Polybutadiene" is a collective name for homopolymers formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene.
It is a partner in Diels–Alder reactions, e.g. with maleic anhydride to give tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. [29] Like other dienes, butadiene is a ligand for low-valent metal complexes, e.g. the derivatives Fe(butadiene)(CO) 3 and Mo(butadiene) 3.
An alpha-olefin (or α-olefin) is an alkene where the carbon-carbon double bond starts at the α-carbon atom, i.e. the double bond is between the #1 and #2 carbons in the molecule. Alpha-olefins such as 1-hexene may be used as co-monomers to give an alkyl branched polymer (see chemical structure below), although 1-decene is most commonly used ...
In terms of the stereoselectivity of the reaction between maleic anhydride and cyclopentadiene, the endo-product is favored, a result best explained through FMO theory. The maleic anhydride is an electron-withdrawing species that makes the dieneophile electron deficient, forcing the regular Diels–Alder reaction.
Maleic anhydride is a classic substrate for Diels-Alder reactions. [9] It was used for work in 1928, on the reaction between maleic anhydride and 1,3-butadiene, for which Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950. It is through this reaction that maleic anhydride is converted to many pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
The patent describes the reaction of the alkenes with excess maleic anhydride at 200 °C in an autoclave. The excess alkene is removed by distillation in vacuo, the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the disodium salt reacted with an acid to achieve an alkenebutanedioic acid.