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  2. Gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas

    Drifting smoke particles indicate the movement of the surrounding gas.. Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.The others are solid, liquid, and plasma. [1] A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide).

  3. List of gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gases

    This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending order, but can be sorted on different values. "sub" and "triple" refer to the sublimation point and the triple point, which are given in the case of a substance that sublimes at 1 atm; "dec" refers to decomposition. "~" means approximately. Blue type items have an article available by ...

  4. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Gas: A compressible fluid. Not only will a gas take the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. Mesomorphic states: States of matter intermediate between solid and liquid. Plastic crystal: A molecular solid with long-range positional order but with constituent molecules retaining rotational freedom.

  5. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    A gas is usually converted to a plasma in one of two ways, either from a huge voltage difference between two points, or by exposing it to extremely high temperatures. Heating matter to high temperatures causes electrons to leave the atoms, resulting in the presence of free electrons. This creates a so-called partially ionised plasma.

  6. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Electrolysis refers to the breakdown of substances using an electric current. This removes impurities in a substance that an electric current is run through; Sublimation is the process of changing of any substance (usually on heating) from a solid to a gas (or from gas to a solid) without passing through liquid phase. In terms of purification ...

  7. List of highly toxic gases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highly_toxic_gases

    Highly Toxic: a gas that has a LC 50 in air of 200 ppm or less. [2] NFPA 704: Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury are given a Health Hazard rating of 3. Their acute inhalation toxicity corresponds to those vapors or gases having LC 50 values greater than 1,000 ppm but less than or equal to 3,000 ppm ...

  8. Hydrogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

    In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction "inflammable air". He speculated that "inflammable air" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance "phlogiston" [66] [67] and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is ...

  9. Mustard gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard_gas

    Smith, Susan I. Toxic Exposures: Mustard Gas and the Health Consequences of World War II in the United States (Rutgers University Press, 2017) online book review; Wattana, Monica, and Tareg Bey. "Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: an old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat." Prehospital and disaster medicine 24.1 (2009): 19-29. online