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The standard playing card ranks {A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2} form a 13-element set. The card suits {♠, ♥, ♦, ♣} form a four-element set. The Cartesian product of these sets returns a 52-element set consisting of 52 ordered pairs, which correspond to all 52 possible playing cards.
In graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G 1 and G 2 and produces a graph H with the following properties: The vertex set of H is the Cartesian product V ( G 1 ) × V ( G 2 ) , where V ( G 1 ) and V ( G 2 ) are the vertex sets of G 1 and G 2 , respectively.
The Cartesian product of n edges is a hypercube: =. Thus, the Cartesian product of two hypercube graphs is another hypercube: Q i Q j = Q i+j. The Cartesian product of two median graphs is another median graph. The graph of vertices and edges of an n-prism is the Cartesian product graph K 2 C n.
In set theory, a Cartesian product is a mathematical operation which returns a set (or product set) from multiple sets. That is, for sets A and B, the Cartesian product A × B is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) —where a ∈ A and b ∈ B. [5] The class of all things (of a given type) that have Cartesian products is called a Cartesian ...
H(d,1), which is the singleton graph K 1; H(d,2), which is the hypercube graph Q d. [1] Hamiltonian paths in these graphs form Gray codes. Because Cartesian products of graphs preserve the property of being a unit distance graph, [7] the Hamming graphs H(d,2) and H(d,3) are all unit distance graphs.
In category theory, the product of two (or more) objects in a category is a notion designed to capture the essence behind constructions in other areas of mathematics such as the Cartesian product of sets, the direct product of groups or rings, and the product of topological spaces.
In set theory, Kőnig's theorem states that if the axiom of choice holds, I is a set, and are cardinal numbers for every i in I, and < for every i in I, then <. The sum here is the cardinality of the disjoint union of the sets m i, and the product is the cardinality of the Cartesian product.
For instance, for a star K 1,n, its domination number γ(K 1,n) is one: it is possible to dominate the entire star with a single vertex at its hub. Therefore, for the graph G = K 1,n K 1,n formed as the product of two stars, Vizing's conjecture states only that the domination number should be at least 1 × 1 = 1. However, the domination number ...