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EBU R 128 is a recommendation for loudness normalisation and maximum level of audio signals. It is primarily followed during audio mixing of television and radio programmes and adopted by broadcasters to measure and control programme loudness. [ 1 ]
In 2010, the EBU published EBU R 128 which introduces a new way of metering and normalizing audio. The Recommendation uses ITU-R BS.1770 loudness metering. As of 2016 [update] , several European TV stations have announced their support for the new norm [ 16 ] [ 17 ] and over 20 manufacturers have announced products supporting the new EBU Mode ...
Another type of normalization is based on a measure of loudness, wherein the gain is changed to bring the average loudness to a target level. This average may be approximate, such as a simple measurement of average power (e.g. RMS), or more accurate, such as a measure that addresses human perception e.g. that defined by EBU R128 and offered by ReplayGain, Sound Check and GoldWave.
Dynamic range is therefore the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the case where the signal is the loudest possible for the system. For example, if the ceiling of a device is 5 V (rms) and the noise floor is 10 μV (rms) then the dynamic range is 500000:1, or 114 dB:
In particular, the introduction of Dolby B noise reduction on cassette recorders was found to make them sound a full 10.2 dB less noisy, yet they did not measure 10.2 dB better. Various new methods were then devised, including one which used a harsher weighting filter and a quasi-peak rectifier, defined as part of the German DIN2 45500 Hi-Fi ...
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), however, is the ratio between the noise floor and an arbitrary reference level or alignment level. In "professional" recording equipment, this reference level is usually +4 dBu (IEC 60268-17), though sometimes 0 dBu (UK and Europe – EBU standard Alignment level).
Loudness levels measured according to the Leq(RLB) specified in ITU-R BS.1770 are reported in LKFS units. The ITU-R BS.1770 measurement system was improved for made multi-channel applications (monaural to 5.1 surround sound). To make the loudness metric cross-genre friendly, a relative measurement gate was added. This work was carried out in ...
R128 or R 128 may refer to: EBU R 128 recommendation for loudness management; House R 128, a modernist house in Germany by architect Werner Sobek; R128 road (Ireland), a regional road in Fingal, Ireland