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  2. DNA extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_extraction

    DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells of an organism isolated from a sample, typically a biological sample such as blood, saliva, or tissue. It involves breaking open the cells, removing proteins and other contaminants, and purifying the DNA so that it is free of other cellular components.

  3. Gel electrophoresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis

    Agarose gels, on the other hand, have lower resolving power for DNA but a greater range of separation, and are therefore usually used for DNA fragments of 50–20,000 bp in size. (The resolution of over 6 Mb is possible with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).) [ 9 ] Polyacrylamide gels are run in a vertical configuration while agarose ...

  4. Gel extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_extraction

    Gel extraction kits are available from several major biotech manufacturers for a final cost of approximately 1–2 US$ per sample. Protocols included in these kits generally call for the dissolution of the gel-slice in 3 volumes of chaotropic agent at 50 °C, followed by application of the solution to a spin-column (the DNA remains in the column), a 70% ethanol wash (the DNA remains in the ...

  5. Spin column-based nucleic acid purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_column-based_nucleic...

    The last 'wash' is often a dry step to allow the alcohol to evaporate, leaving only purified nucleic acids bound to the column. Finally, elution is the process of adding an aqueous solution to the column, allowing the hydrophilic nucleic acid to leave the column and return to solution. This step may be improved with salt, pH, time, or heat.

  6. DNA separation by silica adsorption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_separation_by_silica...

    The highest DNA adsorption efficiencies occur in the presence of buffer solution with a pH at or below the pKa of the surface silanol groups. The mechanism behind DNA adsorption onto silica is not fully understood; one possible explanation involves reduction of the silica surface's negative charge due to the high ionic strength of the buffer.

  7. Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_guanidinium...

    RNA partitions in the aqueous phase, while proteins and DNA partition into the organic/interphase (left). The RNA is then precipitated in an alcohol (right). Acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction (abbreviated AGPC) is a liquid–liquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology.

  8. Ethanol precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_precipitation

    In DNA extraction, after separating DNA from other cell constituents in water, DNA is precipitated out of solution by neutralizing it with positively charged ions. The addition of ethanol to the solution is necessary to reduce the polarity of the solvent and allow the positively charged ions to interact with the negatively charged phosphate ...

  9. Plasmid preparation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid_preparation

    A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA. It is an important step in many molecular biology experiments and is essential for the successful use of plasmids in research and biotechnology. [1] [2] Many methods have been developed to purify plasmid DNA from bacteria. [1] [3] During the purification ...