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  2. Voluntary export restraint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Export_Restraint

    A voluntary export restraint (VER) or voluntary export restriction is a measure by which the government or an industry in the importing country arranges with the government or the competing industry in the exporting country for a restriction on the volume of the latter's exports of one or more products. [1]

  3. Export restriction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export_restriction

    Export restrictions, or a restriction on exportation, are limitations on the quantity of goods exported to a specific country or countries by a Government. Export restrictions could be aimed at achieving diverse policy objectives such as environmental protection, economic welfare, social wellbeing, conversion of natural resources, and controlling inflationary pressures.

  4. Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade

    This category includes global quotas with respect to specific countries, seasonal quotas, and so-called "voluntary export restraints". Quantitative controls on foreign trade transactions are carried out through one-time license. Quantitative restrictions on imports and exports are direct administrative forms of government regulation of foreign ...

  5. Trade diversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_diversion

    The dynamics of trade diversion was described by Ravshanbek Dalimov in 2009. He used similarity of trade flows to the flux of gas or liquid stimulated by the pressure difference, while the flows of trade flows are stimulated by the price difference. [8] This allowed use of Navier-Stokes equations for the interregional dynamics of trade flows. [6]

  6. Foreign trade of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the...

    The authority of Congress to regulate international trade is set out in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1): . The Congress shall have power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and to promote the general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform ...

  7. Economic integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_integration

    The dynamic part of international economic integration theory, such as the dynamics of trade creation and trade diversion effects, the Pareto efficiency of factors (labor, capital) and value added, mathematically was introduced by Ravshanbek Dalimov. This provided an interdisciplinary approach to the previously static theory of international ...

  8. Orderly marketing arrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orderly_marketing_arrangement

    Orderly marketing arrangements are included under voluntary restraint agreements; however voluntary restraint agreements may also pertain to trade agreements made between industries and governments. The Consumers Union distinguishes binding from non-binding as government to industry arrangements and government to government arrangements.

  9. Uruguay Round - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_Round

    A set of updated documents was produced in Geneva by the office of the Director-General during July 1986 in order to prepare the way for progress to be made. [5] As described below, the round was launched in Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986, [6] [7] followed by negotiations in Geneva, Brussels, Washington, D.C., and Tokyo.