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A map of the territorial extent of the Crusader states, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem, in the Holy Land in 1135, shortly before the Second Crusade. The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade. [13]
Lord Edward's Crusade (1271–1272) (Crusade of Lord Edward of England, the Ninth Crusade, or the Last Crusade) Plans for a Joint Latin-Greek Crusade (1274–1276) Crusade of Henry of Mecklenburg (1275) Lithuanian Crusades (1284–1435) Crusade against the Aragonese (1284–1285) (Aragonese Crusade, or Crusade of Aragon) Siege of Acre (1291)
Henry IV of England made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1393–4, and he later vowed to lead a crusade to recapture the city, but he did not undertake such a campaign before his death in 1413. [132] The Levant remained under Ottoman control from 1517 until the Partition of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
The Second Crusade (1147–1150) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi . The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by the future King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1098.
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
Third Crusade. Part of the Crusades Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of England Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Knights Templar Kingdom of Sicily. Ayyubid Dynasty. Zengid Dynasty. Byzantine Empire. 1197 1198 Crusade of 1197. Part of the Crusades Holy Roman Empire: Ayyubid Dynasty: 1202 1204 Fourth Crusade. Part of the Crusades Holy Roman Empire
This was the first of the Crusades, a series of religious wars in Europe and the Middle East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. [31] [32] [33] The four Crusader states established after the First Crusade, as they were in 1135: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Principality of Antioch, and the County of Edessa