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The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. [1] [2] The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, kilocalorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin).
A kilocalorie is the equivalent of 1000 calories or one dietary Calorie, which contains 4184 joules of energy.The notion that "a calorie is a calorie" is related to the idea that weight maintenance is a result of equalizing calorie input and calorie output, [4] and may lead to the practice of calorie restriction.
For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 18 kJ/h (4.3 kcal/h). For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from "burning" food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 1,300 kJ (300 kcal) per hour, [16] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output.
When it comes to how many calories to eat to lose weight, everyone is different. To lose one pound of body weight, you typically need to create a calorie deficit of roughly 3,500 calories.
If you want to gain weight, the Cleveland Clinic recommends increasing your calorie intake by 300 to 500 calories a day—3,122 to 3,322 calories per day for the average guy, assuming his activity ...
The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J.
The SI unit for specific energy is the joule per kilogram (J/kg). Other units still in use worldwide in some contexts are the kilocalorie per gram (Cal/g or kcal/g), mostly in food-related topics, and watt-hours per kilogram (W⋅h/kg) in the field of batteries.
Kilowatt-hour (kW·h) – corresponds to one kilowatt of power being used over a period of one hour (3.6 MJ). Calorie (cal) – equal to the energy need to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius (~4.184 J). Erg (erg) – unit of energy and mechanical work in the centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units (10 −7 J).