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Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
This page will attempt to list examples in mathematics. To qualify for inclusion, an article should be about a mathematical object with a fair amount of concreteness. Usually a definition of an abstract concept, a theorem, or a proof would not be an "example" as the term should be understood here (an elegant proof of an isolated but particularly striking fact, as opposed to a proof of a ...
Many mathematics journals ask authors of research papers and expository articles to list subject codes from the Mathematics Subject Classification in their papers. The subject codes so listed are used by the two major reviewing databases, Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH .
In mathematics, a property is any characteristic that applies to a given set. [1] Rigorously, a property p defined for all elements of a set X is usually defined as a function p: X → {true, false}, that is true whenever the property holds; or, equivalently, as the subset of X for which p holds; i.e. the set {x | p(x) = true}; p is its indicator function.
Landau's fourth problem asked whether there are infinitely many primes which are of the form = + for integer n. (The list of known primes of this form is A002496 .) The existence of infinitely many such primes would follow as a consequence of other number-theoretic conjectures such as the Bunyakovsky conjecture and Bateman–Horn conjecture .
In more generality: For all p ≥ 1 and odd h, f p − 1 (2 p h − 1) = 2 × 3 p − 1 h − 1. (Here f p − 1 is function iteration notation.) For all odd h, f(2h − 1) ≤ 3h − 1 / 2 The Collatz conjecture is equivalent to the statement that, for all k in I, there exists an integer n ≥ 1 such that f n (k) = 1.
One of the widely used types of impossibility proof is proof by contradiction.In this type of proof, it is shown that if a proposition, such as a solution to a particular class of equations, is assumed to hold, then via deduction two mutually contradictory things can be shown to hold, such as a number being both even and odd or both negative and positive.
This is a list of notable theorems. Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures; List of data structures; List of derivatives and integrals in alternative calculi; List of equations; List of fundamental theorems; List of hypotheses; List of inequalities; Lists of ...