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  2. Projectile motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion

    In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. This is the principle of compound motion established by Galileo in 1638, [ 1 ] and used by him to prove the parabolic form of projectile motion.

  3. Lagrangian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_mechanics

    For example, in calculation of the motion of a torus rolling on a horizontal surface with a pearl sliding inside, the time-varying constraint forces like the angular velocity of the torus, motion of the pearl in relation to the torus made it difficult to determine the motion of the torus with Newton's equations. [7]

  4. Trajectory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajectory

    Assume the motion of the projectile is being measured from a free fall frame which happens to be at (x,y) = (0,0) at t = 0. The equation of motion of the projectile in this frame (by the equivalence principle ) would be y = x tan ⁡ ( θ ) {\displaystyle y=x\tan(\theta )} .

  5. Verlet integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlet_integration

    Verlet integration (French pronunciation:) is a numerical method used to integrate Newton's equations of motion. [1] It is frequently used to calculate trajectories of particles in molecular dynamics simulations and computer graphics.

  6. Range of a projectile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_of_a_projectile

    The surface of the projectile also must be considered: a smooth projectile will face less air resistance than a rough-surfaced one, and irregularities on the surface of a projectile may change its trajectory if they create more drag on one side of the projectile than on the other. However, certain irregularities such as dimples on a golf ball ...

  7. Impact depth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_depth

    Projectile: Full metal projectiles should be made of a material with a very high density, like uranium (19.1 g/cm 3) or lead (11.3 g/cm 3).According to Newton's approximation, a full metal projectile made of uranium will pierce through roughly 2.5 times its own length of steel armor.

  8. Ballistic pendulum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_pendulum

    We begin with the motion of the bullet-pendulum system from the instant the pendulum is struck by the bullet. Given g {\displaystyle g} , the acceleration due to gravity, and h {\displaystyle h} , the final height of the pendulum, it is possible to calculate the initial velocity of the bullet-pendulum system using conservation of mechanical ...

  9. Monkey and hunter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_and_hunter

    In physics, the monkey and hunter is a hypothetical scenario often used to illustrate the effect of gravity on projectile motion. [1] It can be presented as exercise problem or as a demonstration. The essentials of the problem are stated in many introductory guides to physics. [2] [3] In essence, the problem is as follows: