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The Television Code – Fifth Edition, March 1959 Complete with Interpretations and Amendments. Courtesy of J. Alan Wall's TV-signoffs.com; 1970s Television Code PSA – video available for download at the Internet Archive
Like other television programming, sign-on and sign-off sequences can be initiated by a broadcast automation system, and automatic transmission systems can turn the carrier signal and transmitter on/off by remote control. [a] Sign-on and sign-off sequences have become less common due to the increasing prevalence of 24/7 broadcasting.
Test cards typically contain a set of patterns to enable television cameras and receivers to be adjusted to show the picture correctly (see SMPTE color bars).Most modern test cards include a set of calibrated color bars which will produce a characteristic pattern of "dot landings" on a vectorscope, allowing chroma and tint to be precisely adjusted between generations of videotape or network feeds.
Nevertheless, the Indian-head test pattern persists as a symbol of early television. Many U.S. television stations chose the image of the Indian-head card to be their final image broadcast when their analog signals signed off for the final time between February 17 and June 12, 2009, as part of the digital television transition in the United States.
Analog TV systems global map, with System M in red. CCIR System M, [1] [2] [3] sometimes called 525–line, NTSC, NTSC-M, or CCIR-M, [4] [5] is the analog broadcast television system approved by the FCC (upon recommendation by the National Television System Committee - NTSC) [6] for use in the United States since July 1, 1941, [7] [8] replacing the 441-line TV system introduced in 1938. [8]
Playback controls on a CD player. Control symbols on a Sony Betamax Portable. In digital electronics , analogue electronics and entertainment , the user interface may include media controls , transport controls or player controls , to enact and change or adjust the process of video playback, audio playback, and alike.
Centralcasting is multi-channel playout that generally uses broadcast automation systems with broadcast programming applications. These systems generally work in a similar way, controlling video servers, video tape recorder (VTR) devices, Flexicarts, audio mixing consoles, vision mixers and video routers, and other devices using a serial communications 9-Pin Protocol (RS-232 or RS-422).
The Television Interface Adaptor [1] (TIA) is the custom computer chip which, along with a variant of the MOS Technology 6502, constitutes the heart of the 1977 Atari Video Computer System game console. The TIA generates the screen display, sound effects, and reads the controllers.