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A rectangular cuboid is a convex polyhedron with six rectangle faces. The dihedral angles of a rectangular cuboid are all right angles, and its opposite faces are congruent. [2] Because of the faces' orthogonality, the rectangular cuboid is classified as convex orthogonal polyhedron. [3] By definition, this makes it a right rectangular prism.
A right rectangular prism (with a rectangular base) is also called a cuboid, or informally a rectangular box. A right rectangular prism has Schläfli symbol { }×{ }×{ }. A right square prism (with a square base) is also called a square cuboid, or informally a square box. Note: some texts may apply the term rectangular prism or square prism to ...
Some sources also require that each of the faces is a rectangle (so each pair of adjacent faces meets in a right angle). This more restrictive type of cuboid is also known as a rectangular cuboid, right cuboid, rectangular box, rectangular hexahedron, right rectangular prism, or rectangular parallelepiped. [5] Polyhedron
The parallelepiped with D 4h symmetry is known as a square cuboid, which has two square faces and four congruent rectangular faces. The parallelepiped with D 3d symmetry is known as a trigonal trapezohedron , which has six congruent rhombic faces (also called an isohedral rhombohedron ).
General cuboids have many different types. When all of the rectangular cuboid's edges are equal in length, it results in a cube, with six square faces and adjacent faces meeting at right angles. [1] [3] Along with the rectangular cuboids, parallelepiped is a cuboid with six parallelogram. Rhombohedron is a cuboid with six rhombus faces.
The surface-area-to-volume ratio has physical dimension inverse length (L −1) and is therefore expressed in units of inverse metre (m −1) or its prefixed unit multiples and submultiples. As an example, a cube with sides of length 1 cm will have a surface area of 6 cm 2 and a volume of 1 cm 3. The surface to volume ratio for this cube is thus
If the sides of the cube were multiplied by 2, its surface area would be multiplied by the square of 2 and become 24 m 2. Its volume would be multiplied by the cube of 2 and become 8 m 3. The original cube (1 m sides) has a surface area to volume ratio of 6:1. The larger (2 m sides) cube has a surface area to volume ratio of (24/8) 3:1.
An a × b rectangle can be packed with 1 × n strips if and only if n divides a or n divides b. [15] [16] de Bruijn's theorem: A box can be packed with a harmonic brick a × a b × a b c if the box has dimensions a p × a b q × a b c r for some natural numbers p, q, r (i.e., the box is a multiple of the brick.) [15]