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In 1946, communist Poland introduced a similar increase of the basic income tax rate, in effect a tax on childlessness, popularly called bykowe in Polish ("bull's tax", the "bull" being a metaphor for an unmarried man). First, childless and unmarried people over 21 years of age were affected (from January 1, 1946 until November 29, 1956), then ...
Many scholars of Stalinism cite the cult as integral to Stalin's power or as evidence of Stalin's megalomania." [ 208 ] But after Stalin died in 1953, Khrushchev repudiated his policies and condemned his cult of personality in his Secret Speech to the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956, instituting de-Stalinization and relative liberalization ...
[3] Stalin included Article 124 in the face of stiff opposition, and it eventually led to rapprochement with the Russian Orthodox Church before and during World War 2. The new constitution re-enfranchised certain religious people who had been specifically disenfranchised under the previous constitution.
On 25 February 1956, de-Stalinization became official when he spoke to a closed session of the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, delivering an address laying out some of Stalin's crimes and the "conditions of insecurity, fear, and even desperation" created by Stalin. [1]
Stalin's approach to state repression was often contradictory. [328] In May 1933, he released many convicted of minor offences, ordering the security services not to enact further mass arrests and deportations, [329] and in September 1934, he launched a commission to investigate false imprisonments. That same month, he called for the execution ...
The Soviet state needed increased agricultural output to feed the workers in the cities and construction sites. [2]: 101 The end of the NEP meant that peasants would no longer be able to sell grain to the state. Thus, the state would have to requisition surplus grain. [3]: 236
Stalin's first Five year Plan (1929–1933) was a colossal failure. Soviet population declined after 1933, and would see modest growth until 1936. [55] The figures suggest a gap of about 15 million people between anticipated population and those that survived the five-year plan. [55]
The Kremlin Letters: Stalin's Wartime Correspondence with Churchill and Roosevelt (2019) Roberts, Geoffrey. Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953 (2006). Seaton, Albert. Stalin as Military Commander, (1998) [ISBN missing] Weeks, Albert L. Assured Victory: How 'Stalin the Great' Won the War But Lost the Peace (ABC-CLIO, 2011).