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A temperature between 101–102 is considered a mild fever, 102–103 a moderate, and 104 or above a high fever, and delirium or convulsions may occur. From birth until adolescence, temperature between 99.8–100.8 is considered a low-grade fever. If the temperature is taken rectally, it is not considered a fever until it is above 100.4.
Normal body temperatures vary depending on many factors, including age, sex, time of day, ambient temperature, activity level, and more. [37] [38] Normal daily temperature variation has been described as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F). [7]: 4012 A raised temperature is not always a fever. [37]
The difference between the influenza mortality age distributions of the 1918 epidemic and normal epidemics. Deaths per 100,000 persons in each age group, United States, for the interpandemic years 1911–1917 (dashed line) and the pandemic year 1918 (solid line). [79]
Diagram showing the cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution with mean (μ) 0 and variance (σ 2) 1. These numerical values "68%, 95%, 99.7%" come from the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution. The prediction interval for any standard score z corresponds numerically to (1 − (1 − Φ μ,σ 2 (z)) · 2).
An estimate of the standard deviation for N > 100 data taken to be approximately normal follows from the heuristic that 95% of the area under the normal curve lies roughly two standard deviations to either side of the mean, so that, with 95% probability the total range of values R represents four standard deviations so that s ≈ R/4.
A systematic review of trials into its use found no reduction in overall mortality, but two doses (200,000 IU) of vitamin A was shown to reduce mortality for measles in children younger than two years of age. [79] [85] It is unclear if zinc supplementation in children with measles affects outcomes as it has not been sufficiently studied. [86]
Mortality rates were not appreciably above normal; [2] in the United States ~75,000 flu-related deaths were reported in the first six months of 1918, compared to ~63,000 deaths during the same time period in 1915. [99] In Madrid, Spain, fewer than 1,000 people died from influenza between May and June 1918. [100]
In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. [18] For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66% for all ages. [5] In 2015, about 90.5 million people worldwide had cancer. [19]