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The occurrence of /ɾ/ as a second member in consonantal clusters is one of Gujarati's conservative features as a modern Indo-Aryan language. For example, languages used in Asokan inscriptions (3rd century BC) display contemporary regional variations, with words found in Gujarat 's Girnar inscriptions containing clusters with /ɾ/ as the second ...
Gujarati (/ ˌ ɡ ʊ dʒ ə ˈ r ɑː t i / GUUJ-ə-RAH-tee; [14] Gujarati script: ગુજરાતી, romanized: Gujarātī, pronounced [ɡudʒəˈɾɑːtiː]) is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken predominantly by the Gujarati people. Gujarati is descended from Old Gujarati (c. 1100–1500 CE).
Modern Hindustani, while based primarily on the language of the Khariboli region, comes from a dialectal mixture. Many of the Western Hindi dialects are transitional to Punjabi and the Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages, and have donated words to Hindustani that underwent Northwestern sound changes.
For example, the Sanskrit word "Rāma" (IPA:, राम) is pronounced "Rām" (IPA:, राम्) in Hindi. The schwa sound at the end of the word is deleted in Hindi. [4] However, in both cases, the word is written राम. The schwa is not deleted in ancient languages such as Sanskrit.
The sound represented by ṛ has also been largely lost in the modern languages, and its pronunciation now ranges from [ɾɪ] (Hindi) to [ɾu] (Marathi). ḹ is not an actual phoneme of Sanskrit, but rather a graphic convention included among the vowels in order to maintain the symmetry of short–long pairs of letters.
Hindustani is the lingua franca of northern India and Pakistan, and through its two standardized registers, Hindi and Urdu, a co-official language of India and co-official and national language of Pakistan respectively. Phonological differences between the two standards are minimal.
The Gujarati languages are a Western Indo-Aryan language family, comprising Gujarati and those Indic languages closest to it. They are ultimately descended from Shauraseni Prakrit. [2] It is the official language of Gujarat state as well as Diu, Daman and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. It is the sixth most spoken language in India with more than 55 ...
It is similar or even identical to Bangladeshi English, also known as Banglish or Benglish. / ɪ / as raised, in the general vicinity of . / ʌ / as fronted, more closely approaching but between nasal and velar e.g. mug. / ʊ / and / uː / both in the general vicinity of . / eɪ /, almost always, as monophthong .