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Digital Command Control (DCC) is a standard for a system for the digital operation of model railways that permits locomotives on the same electrical section of track to be independently controlled. The DCC protocol is defined by the Digital Command Control Working group of the US National Model Railroad Association (NMRA).
The system was originally referred to as the Hapsburg Carrier System. DCC was not implemented in transmitter designs until the 1980s, because of some of the complexities of the control circuit. DCC's development is linked to NATO nations trying to save energy as a result of the ripple effects of OPEC related oil supply crises.
Many ESC systems have an override switch so the driver can disable ESC, which may be used on loose surfaces such as mud or sand, or if using a small spare tire, which could interfere with the sensors. Some systems also offer an additional mode with raised thresholds, so that a driver can utilize the limits of their vehicle's grip with less ...
Digital Command Control, a system for controlling model trains; Digital Compact Cassette, Philips system with digital audio on compact cassette; Digital Computer Controls, Inc., a 1960s-1970s era company that made computer system clones; Digital content creation, a category of tools used for creation of electronic media
A 48 V system can provide more power, improve energy recuperation, [7] and allow up to an 85% decrease in cable mass. [10]12-volt systems can provide only 3.5 kilowatts, while a 48 V power could achieve 15 to 20 kW or even 50 kW. 48 volts is below the level that is considered safe in dry conditions without special protective measures. [11]
Many layout builders are choosing digital operation of their layouts rather than the more traditional DC design. Of the several competing systems, the command system offered by the majority of manufacturers in 2020 was a variant of Digital Command Control (DCC). The advantages of DCC are that track voltage is constant (usually in the range of ...
The three main types of brake-by-wire systems are: electronic parking brakes which have, since the turn of the 21st century, become more common; electro-hydraulic brakes (EHB) which can be implemented alongside legacy hydraulic brakes and as of 2020 have found small-scale usage in the automotive industry; and electro-mechanical brakes (EMB ...
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.