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In 2015 about 6.5 million cases of obstructed labour or uterine rupture occurred. [5] This resulted in 23,000 maternal deaths down from 29,000 deaths in 1990 (about 8% of all deaths related to pregnancy). [2] [6] [9] It is also one of the leading causes of stillbirth. [10] Most deaths due to this condition occur in the developing world. [1]
Intra-abdominal bleeding can lead to hypovolemic shock and death. Although the associated maternal mortality is now less than one percent, the fetal mortality rate is between two and six percent when rupture occurs in the hospital. In pregnancy uterine rupture may cause a viable abdominal pregnancy. This is what accounts for most abdominal ...
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
Uterine artery ligation, with or without ligation of the tubo-ovarian vessels. [1] [32] Ligation of the uterine and utero-ovarian arteries can decrease uterine bleeding by reducing the pressure of arterial blood flow in the uterus. It will not completely control the bleeding but may decrease blood loss while other interventions are being attempted.
Cancers of the vagina or fallopian tubes are rare causes of hemorrhage. Uterine fibroids represent a common, benign condition that may lead to bleeding, specifically if the lesion affects the uterine cavity. Polyps of the uterine lining are a common cause of bleeding, but such bleeding tends to be light.
An obstetric labor complication is a difficulty or abnormality that arises during the process of labor or delivery.. The Trust for America's Health reports that as of 2011, about one third of American births have some complications; many are directly related to the mother's health including increasing rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and physical inactivity.
Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, premature labor and threatened miscarriage. [6] Ultrasonography is the preferred method of diagnosis. [7] A chorionic hematoma appears on ultrasound as a hypoechoic crescent adjacent to the gestational sac. The hematoma is considered small if it is under 20% of the size of the sac and large if ...
Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with haemodynamic shock "out of proportion" with blood loss, however blood loss has often been underestimated. The parasympathetic effect of traction on the uterine ligaments may cause bradycardia.