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St. Augustine was convinced that there should actually be seven Beatitudes, as seven was considered the holy number. He thus felt that this one was not actually a separate one, but rather a rephrasing of the first Beatitude at Matthew 5:3. To Augustine this eighth Beatitude symbolized Christ rising on the eighth day, which was also the first day.
This group, while small, had a wide influence and some of their ideas were embraced by some Jewish communities at the time of Christ. [5] Luke 6:20 simply has "blessed are the poor"; that Matthew adds "in spirit" is seen to be of great consequence. The phrase does not appear in the Old Testament, but Psalm 34:18 comes close. [6]
Kingdom of heaven (Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν) is a phrase used in the Gospel of Matthew. It is generally seen as equivalent to the phrase " kingdom of God " (Greek: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ) in the Gospel of Mark and the Gospel of Luke .
Zoroastrianism, a possible influence on Abrahamic traditions, [8] includes the concept of a "kingdom of God" or of a divine kingship: . In the Gāthās Zoroaster's thoughts about khšathra as a thing turn mostly to the 'dominion' or 'kingdom' of God, which was conceived, it seems, both as heaven itself, thought of as lying just above the visible sky, and as the kingdom of God to come on earth ...
The phrase "inherit the earth" is also similar to "theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven" in Matthew 5:3. Schweizer notes that two terms reflect the two different views of the end times current when Matthew was writing. One view was that the end of the world would see all the believers brought up to join the Kingdom of Heaven.
[32] [121] Christ receiving "authority and co-equal divinity" is mentioned in Matthew 28:18: "All authority hath been given unto me in heaven and on earth" as well as John 3:35, John 13:3, John 17:1. [121] And the Spirit being both "of God" and "of Christ" appears in Galatians 4:6, the Book of Acts , John 15:26 and Romans 8:14–17. [121]
The word "all" (Ancient Greek: πᾶσα) are found multiple times in the verses 18–20, tying them together: all power/authority, all nations, all things ("that I have commanded you") and all the days ("always"). [2] Dale Allison considers the suggestions of the verse 18 allusion to Daniel 7:13–14 or 2 Chronicles 36:23 improbable. [3]
The Roman Catechism adds that human concepts of heaven (living like a king, heaven being the most perfect paradise, one enjoying the ultimate union with God, the realization of one's potential and ideals, the achievement of godhood, materialistic fulfillment (wealth, power, feast, pleasure, leisure, etc.), eternal rest, reunion with loved ones ...