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Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity). It is more often applied to non-human animals than to humans. In general, it is preferred when large amounts of blood replacement fluids are needed or when low blood pressure or other problems prevent the use of a suitable blood vessel for intravenous injection.
Veterinarians use intrathoracic injections to deliver medication into the thoracic cavity, or the chest region, and right near the surface of the heart. [28] Intraperitoneal injection is the method of injection where the needle is inserted into the peritoneal cavity, or a region in the lower abdomen.
While intraperitoneal injection is fully acceptable (although it may take up to 15 minutes to take effect in dogs and cats [8]), an intracardiac (IC) injection may only be performed on an unconscious or deeply sedated animal. Performing IC injections on a fully conscious animal in places with humane laws for animal handling is often a criminal ...
Intravenous administration, meaning injection into vein, is commonly used in most animals owing to its rapid speed to distribute the drug into the brain and its high reliability. [1] [2] Whilst there are alternatives like intraperitoneal injection which are less irritating, a larger dose of solution is required to euthanize the animals. [1] [2]
The term injection encompasses intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intradermal (ID) administration. [ 35 ] Parenteral administration generally acts more rapidly than topical or enteral administration, with onset of action often occurring in 15–30 seconds for IV, 10–20 minutes for IM and 15–30 minutes for SC. [ 36 ]
The peritoneal cavity is widely used in intraperitoneal injections to administer chemotherapy drugs, [5] [6] and is also utilized in peritoneal dialysis. [7] An increase in capillary pressure in the abdominal organs can cause fluid to leave the interstitial space and enter the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a condition called ascites.
Xylazine is a common veterinary drug used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle, and other mammals. [2] In veterinary anesthesia, it is often used in combination with ketamine. Veterinarians also use xylazine as an emetic, especially in cats. [4] Drug interactions vary with different animals.
In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats.
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