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A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to transfer chemical ...
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
It also creates a gradient which induces water to flow out of cells and increases blood pressure. [14] Research suggests that lactic acid may also play a role in lowering levels of potassium in the blood. [15] It can also be converted back to pyruvate or converted back to glucose in the liver and fully metabolized by aerobic respiration. [16]
The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain is an exergonic process. The energy from the redox reactions creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In aerobic respiration, the flow of electrons terminates with molecular oxygen as the final electron
Bioenergetic systems are metabolic processes that relate to the flow of energy in living organisms. Those processes convert energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the form suitable for muscular activity. There are two main forms of synthesis of ATP: aerobic, which uses oxygen from the bloodstream, and anaerobic, which does not.
In respiratory physiology, the oxygen cascade describes the flow of oxygen from air to mitochondria, where it is consumed in aerobic respiration to release energy. [1] Oxygen flows from areas with high partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2, also known as oxygen tension) to areas of lower PO 2.
The energy from the redox reaction results in conformational change allowing hydrogen ions to pass through four transmembrane helix channels. Respiratory complex I , EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase , Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I ) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of ...