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The haploid spores develop in sori on the underside of the fronds and are dispersed by the wind (or in some cases, by floating on water). If conditions are right, a spore will germinate and grow into a rather inconspicuous plant body called a prothallus. The haploid prothallus does not resemble the sporophyte, and as such ferns and their allies ...
The second more recent hypothesis is that spores were an early predecessor of land plants and formed during errors in the meiosis of algae, a hypothesized early ancestor of land plants. [18] Whether spores arose before or after land plants, their contributions to topics in fields like paleontology and plant phylogenetics have been useful. [18]
Dehiscent fruits that are derived from one carpel are follicles or legumes, and those derived from multiple carpels are capsules or siliques. [3] One example of a dehiscent fruit is the silique. This fruit develops from a gynoecium composed of two fused carpels, [3] which, upon fertilization, grow to become a silique that contains the ...
Herbaceous plants (also called herbs ... which at maturity produces haploid spores, ... A carpel is a modified megasporophyll consisting of two or more ovules, which ...
Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology. The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle. Dormant spores are formed, for example by certain fungi and algae ...
Each carpel has a single placenta corresponding to the weld zone of the carpel leaf. Parietal placentation: occurs in the gynoecium formed by two or more carpels welded by their edges forming a single cavity in the ovary, so that each placenta corresponds to the edges of two contiguous carpel leaves.
Flowering plants contain microsporangia in the anthers of stamens (typically four microsporangia per anther) and megasporangia inside ovules inside ovaries. In all seed plants, spores are produced by meiosis and develop into gametophytes while still inside the sporangium. The microspores become microgametophytes (pollen).
Seed plants, which first appeared in the fossil record towards the end of the Paleozoic era, reproduce using desiccation-resistant capsules called seeds. Starting from a plant which disperses by spores, highly complex changes are needed to produce seeds. The sporophyte has two kinds of spore-forming organs or sporangia.