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  2. Non-reformist reform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-reformist_Reform

    Non-reformist reform, also referred to as abolitionist reform, [1] anti-capitalist reform, [2] [3] [4] revolutionary reform, [5] [6] structural reform [7] [8] [9] and transformative reform, [10] [11] is a reform that "is conceived, not in terms of what is possible within the framework of a given system and administration, but in view of what should be made possible in terms of human needs and ...

  3. Social changes in 18th to 19th-century Prussia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_changes_in_18th_to...

    "A Prussian Officer's Quarters, 1830" (Cooper Hewitt Museum)Prussia underwent major social change between the mid-17th and mid-18th centuries as the nobility declined as the traditional aristocracy struggled to compete with the rising merchant class, which developed into a new Bourgeoisie middle class, while the emancipation of the serfs granted the rural peasantry land purchasing rights and ...

  4. Lebensreform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebensreform

    There were hundreds of groups across Germany dedicated to some or all of the concepts associated with the Lebensreform movement. Representatives of the Lebensreform propagated a natural way of life with ecology and organic farming, a vegetarian diet without alcoholic beverages and tobacco smoking, German dress reform and naturopathy. In doing ...

  5. Prussian Reform Movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Reform_Movement

    The Prussian Reform Movement was a series of constitutional, administrative, social, and economic reforms early in 19th-century Prussia. They are sometimes known as the Stein–Hardenberg Reforms , for Karl Freiherr vom Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg , their main initiators.

  6. Revolutions of 1848 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848

    The middle and working classes thus shared a desire for reform, and agreed on many of the specific aims. Their participation in the revolutions, however, differed. While much of the impetus came from the middle classes, the physical backbone of the movement came from the lower classes. The revolts first erupted in the cities.

  7. History of democratic socialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_democratic...

    Karl Marx disliked La Montagne, viewing it as a party dominated by the middle class; he called them Sozialdemokrat, the first recorded use of the term social democracy. [15] Around the same time, the British political philosopher John Stuart Mill also came to advocate a form of economic socialism within a liberal context known as liberal socialism.

  8. History of social democracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_social_democracy

    Contrary to claims of a proletarian majority emerging, the middle class was growing under capitalism and not disappearing as Marx had claimed. Bernstein noted that rather than the working class being homogeneous, it was heterogeneous, with divisions and factions within it, including socialist and non-socialist trade unions.

  9. German revolutions of 1848–1849 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_revolutions_of_1848...

    The painting Germania, possibly by Philipp Veit, hung inside the Frankfurt parliament, the first national parliament in German history. The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (German: Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (German: Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.