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In government terms, they are materials, usually raw materials that have a particular strategic significance to a government or nation, often in time of war. Their strategic need is because of their crucial importance for either economic or military purposes. Some materials are relatively simple, but are required in great quantities during wartime.
A strategic reserve can be: Financial in nature such as ring-fenced funding or capital reserves of a large corporation. A commodity, such as intervention stocks of food or petrol (see security of supply and strategic petroleum reserves) Specific machinery, such as railroad cars or steam locomotives, to be used in an emergency situation.
Chapter 1 provides an intellectual history of the multifaceted origins of the GVC framework. The idea of GVCs did not have a single source. While there are connections to the notions of “commodity chain” introduced by Immanuel Wallerstein and “value chain” analyzed by Michael Porter , the GVC framework included distinctive elements that ...
Global strategic petroleum reserves (GSPR) refer to crude oil inventories (or stockpiles) held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, to safeguard the economy and help maintain national security during an energy crisis. Strategic reserves are intended to be used to cover short-term supply disruptions.
[8] Petroleum and copper are examples of commodity goods: [9] their supply and demand are a part of one universal market. Non-commodity items such as stereo systems have many aspects of product differentiation, such as the brand, the user interface and the perceived quality. The demand for one type of stereo may be much larger than demand for ...
For an example from socialism with Chinese characteristics, while the Chinese economic reform has generally shifted funding sources for higher education from the government to individual students, the Chinese Communist Party also organized projects like Project 985 and Project 211 to retain government funding and therefore influence over ...
Human commodity is a term used in case of human organ trade, paid surrogacy (also known as commodification of the womb), and human trafficking. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 34 ] According to Gøsta Esping-Andersen , people are commodified or 'turned into objects' when selling their labour on the market to an employer.
A strategic grain reserve is a government stockpile of grain for the purpose of meeting future domestic or international needs. In the United States, such programs have included the Farmer-Owned Grain Reserve (1977–1996), Food Security Wheat Reserve (1980–1996), Food Security Commodity Reserve (1996–1998), and most recently the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (1998–).