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Another typical denaturant is pyridine. Often the denatured alcohol is dyed with methyl violet. [8] There are several grades of denatured alcohol, but in general the denaturants used are similar. As an example, the formulation for completely denatured alcohol, according to 2005 British regulations was as follows: [9]
The reaction of pyridine with bromomethyl ketones gives the related pyridinium salt, wherein the methylene group is highly acidic. This species undergoes a Michael-like addition to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls in the presence of ammonium acetate to undergo ring closure and formation of the targeted substituted pyridine as well as pyridinium bromide.
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry ... the addition of chromium trioxide to a solution of pyridine in methylene chloride. ...
Cr(VI)-pyridine and pyridinium reagents have the advantage that they are soluble in organic solvents as are the alcohol substrates. One family of reagents employs the complex CrO 3 (pyridine) 2. [2] Sarett's reagent: a solution of CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 in pyridine. It was popularized for selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to ...
The Sarett oxidation is an organic reaction that oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, using chromium trioxide and pyridine.Unlike the similar Jones oxidation, the Sarett oxidation will not further oxidize primary alcohols to their carboxylic acid form, neither will it affect carbon-carbon double bonds. [1]
The Parikh–Doering oxidation is an oxidation reaction that transforms primary and secondary alcohols into aldehydes and ketones, respectively. [1] The procedure uses dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the oxidant and the solvent, activated by the sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (SO 3 •C 5 H 5 N) in the presence of triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine as base.
3 RCH 2 OH + 2 CrO 3 (pyridine) 2 → 3 RCHO + 3 H 2 O + Cr 2 O 3 + 4 pyridine. The reagent is typically used in a sixfold excess. Methylene chloride is the typical solvent, with the solubility of 12.5 g/100 ml. The application of this reagent to oxidations was discovered by G. I. Poos, G. E. Arth, R. E. Beyler and L.H. Sarett in 1953.