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Momentum space is the set of all momentum vectors p a physical system can have; the momentum vector of a particle corresponds to its motion, with units of [mass][length][time] −1. Mathematically, the duality between position and momentum is an example of Pontryagin duality .
The quantity V = qA is sometimes called the potential momentum. [41] [42] [43] It is the momentum due to the interaction of the particle with the electromagnetic fields. The name is an analogy with the potential energy U = qφ, which is the energy due to the interaction of the particle with the electromagnetic fields.
For analysis of momentum and energy problems, the most convenient frame is usually the "center-of-momentum frame" (also called the zero-momentum frame, or COM frame). This is the frame in which the space component of the system's total momentum is zero. Fig. 3-11 illustrates the breakup of a high speed particle into two daughter particles.
In special relativity, just as space and time are different aspects of a more comprehensive entity called spacetime, energy and momentum are merely different aspects of a unified, four-dimensional quantity that physicists call four-momentum. In consequence, if energy is a source of gravity, momentum must be a source as well.
A space vehicle's flight is determined by application of Newton's second law of motion: =, where F is the vector sum of all forces exerted on the vehicle, m is its current mass, and a is the acceleration vector, the instantaneous rate of change of velocity (v), which in turn is the instantaneous rate of change of displacement.
The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration and the rate of change of momentum is called force. [14] To reach a given velocity, one can apply a small acceleration over a long period of time, or a large acceleration over a short time; similarly, one can achieve a given impulse with a large force over a short time or a small force over ...
Blast off into hilarity with the funniest space jokes in all the cosmos. The post 60 Space Puns That Are Out of This World appeared first on Reader's Digest.
A variable J k in the action-angle coordinates, called the "action" of the generalized coordinate q k, is defined by integrating a single generalized momentum around a closed path in phase space, corresponding to rotating or oscillating motion: [15]: 454 =