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The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends folic acid as the supplement or fortification ingredient, as forms of folate other than folic acid have not been studied. [22] A meta-analysis of folate supplementation during pregnancy reported a 28% lower relative risk of newborn congenital heart defects. [35]
The recommendation to start folic acid before conception is supported by a meta-analysis of 41 studies, but is beneficial after conception as well. [ 2 ] Often prenatal vitamins also have a reduced dosage of vitamins that may be detrimental to the fetus when taken in high doses (such as vitamin A ).
Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
However, fortifying bread and flour will give women a higher baseline intake of folic acid if pregnancy is unplanned. The move could prevent about 200 cases of neural tube defects every year ...
Folic acid, which is the synthetic form of the vitamin folate, is critical both in pre- and peri-conception. [7] Deficiencies in folic acid may cause neural tube defects (NTDs). Women who had 0.4 mg of folic acid in their systems due to supplementing 3 months before childbirth significantly reduced the risk of NTDs. [30]
Since 1996, the FDA has required folic acid enrichment in refined flours, making wheat pretzels a good source of folate, essential during pregnancy for preventing neural tube defects.
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