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Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
The term APRV has also been used in American journals where, from the ventilation characteristics, BIPAP would have been the appropriate terminology. [14] To further confusion, BiPAP is a registered trade-mark for a noninvasive ventilation mode in a specific ventilator (Respironics Inc.).
In normal breathing, it may sometimes be referred to as the maximal inspiratory pressure (M IPO), which is a negative value. [2] Peak inspiratory pressure increases with any airway resistance. Factors that may increase P IP include increased secretions, bronchospasm, biting down on ventilation tubing, and decreased lung compliance.
Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation.The mode refers to the method of inspiratory support. In general, mode selection is based on clinician familiarity and institutional preferences, since there is a paucity of evidence indicating that the mode affects clinical outcome.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation in which a constant level of pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is continuously applied to the upper respiratory tract of a person.
Continuous spontaneous ventilation is any mode of mechanical ventilation where every breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and patient cycled).. Spontaneous breathing is defined as the movement of gas in and out of the lungs that is produced in response to an individual's respiratory muscles.
The healthy human body will alter minute volume in an attempt to maintain physiologic homeostasis. A normal minute volume while resting is about 5–8 liters per minute in humans. [1] Minute volume generally decreases when at rest, and increases with exercise. For example, during light activities minute volume may be around 12 litres.
Mandatory minute ventilation is a mode which requires the operator to determine what the appropriate minute ventilation for the patient should be, and the ventilator then monitors the patient's ability to generate this volume every 7.5 seconds.