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Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue.
A quark, which will have a single color value, can form a bound system with an antiquark carrying the corresponding anticolor. The result of two attracting quarks will be color neutrality: a quark with color charge ξ plus an antiquark with color charge −ξ will result in a color charge of 0 (or "white" color) and the formation of a meson.
The pattern of strong charges for the three colors of quark, three antiquarks, and eight gluons (with two of zero charge overlapping). Quarks are massive spin- 1 ⁄ 2 fermions that carry a color charge whose gauging is the content of QCD.
Charm quark; Color charge; Cosmological constant; Cosmological constant problem; Dark matter; Electron; Electroweak interaction; ... Chart of particle classification ...
Quarks are the fundamental constituents of hadrons and interact via the strong force.Quarks are the only known carriers of fractional charge, but because they combine in groups of three quarks (baryons) or in pairs of one quark and one antiquark (mesons), only integer charge is observed in nature.
The pattern of weak isospin T 3, weak hypercharge Y W, and color charge of all known elementary particles, rotated by the weak mixing angle to show electric charge Q, roughly along the vertical. The neutral Higgs field (gray square) breaks the electroweak symmetry and interacts with other particles to give them mass.
One model of a pentaquark: q is a quark and q an antiquark; gluons (wavy lines) mediate strong interactions between quarks; red, green, and blue color charges must each be present, while the remaining quark and antiquark must share a color and its anticolor, in this example blue and antiblue (shown as yellow).
Nowadays it might be more accurate to speak of the conservation of quark number. In theory, exotic hadrons can be formed by adding pairs of quarks and antiquarks, provided that each pair has a matching color/anticolor. For example, a pentaquark (four quarks, one antiquark) could have the individual quark colors: red, green, blue, blue, and ...