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  2. Azimuthal equidistant projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuthal_equidistant...

    The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection. It has the useful properties that all points on the map are at proportionally correct distances from the center point, and that all points on the map are at the correct azimuth (direction) from the center point. A useful application for this type of projection is a polar ...

  3. World Geographic Reference System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_geographic_reference...

    Up from the South Pole to latitude zone J; Right in zone GJ to the lettered 1° column P; Up in zone GJ to the lettered 1° row J; Right in the 1° horizontal zone to 34 minutes; Up in the 1° vertical zone to 17 minutes; The same co-ordinate shown in 6-digit (1/10 minute) format is GJPJ342171 and in 8-digit (1/100 minute) format is GJPJ34241716.

  4. Section (United States land surveying) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_(United_States...

    The existence of section lines made property descriptions far more straightforward than the old metes and bounds system. The establishment of standard east-west and north-south lines ("township" and "range lines") meant that deeds could be written without regard to temporary terrain features such as trees, piles of rocks, fences, and the like, and be worded in the style such as "Lying and ...

  5. Rod (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(unit)

    The rod, perch, or pole (sometimes also lug) is a surveyor's tool [1] and unit of length of various historical definitions. In British imperial and US customary units , it is defined as 16 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet , equal to exactly 1 ⁄ 320 of a mile , or 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 yards (a quarter of a surveyor's chain ), and is exactly 5.0292 meters.

  6. Peirce quincuncial projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirce_quincuncial_projection

    The maturation of complex analysis led to general techniques for conformal mapping, where points of a flat surface are handled as numbers on the complex plane.While working at the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce published his projection in 1879, [2] having been inspired by H. A. Schwarz's 1869 conformal transformation of a circle onto a ...

  7. Interruption (map projection) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interruption_(map_projection)

    An azimuthal projection showing the minimal interruption possible: one point, which, in this case, is the south pole that has turned into a ring around the entire map. In map projections, an interruption is any place where the globe has been split. All map projections are interrupted at at least one point.

  8. Exponential map (Riemannian geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_map...

    The exponential map of the Earth as viewed from the north pole is the polar azimuthal equidistant projection in cartography. In Riemannian geometry, an exponential map is a map from a subset of a tangent space T p M of a Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) M to M itself. The (pseudo) Riemannian metric determines a canonical ...

  9. Military Grid Reference System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Grid_Reference_System

    Figure 3. The MGRS grid around the South Pole. Figure 4. The MGRS grid around the North Pole. In the polar regions, a different convention is used. [7] South of 80°S, UPS South (Universal Polar Stereographic) is used instead of a UTM projection. The west half-circle forms a grid zone with designation A; the east half-circle forms one with ...