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Autoinjectors were originally developed for the rapid administration of nerve gas antidotes in kits like the Mark I NAAK. The first modern epinephrine autoinjector, the EpiPen, was invented in the mid-1970s at Survival Technology in Bethesda, Maryland, US by Sheldon Kaplan [11] [12] and was first approved for marketing by the FDA in 1987. [13]
Anaphylactic shock is associated with systemic vasodilation that causes low blood pressure which is by definition 30% lower than the person's baseline or below standard values. [ 17 ] Biphasic anaphylaxis is the recurrence of symptoms within 1–72 hours after resolution of an initial anaphylactic episode. [ 40 ]
Epinephrine vial 1 mg (Adrenalin). Epinephrine is used to treat a number of conditions, including cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and superficial bleeding. [25] It has been used historically for bronchospasm and low blood sugar, but newer treatments for these that are selective for β 2 adrenoceptors, such as salbutamol, are preferred.
Side effects include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, infection, volume overload, and lung injury. [1] With current preparation methods, the risk of viral infections such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS are less than one in a million. [1] Packed red blood cells are produced from whole blood or by apheresis. [7]
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a term referring to one of two types of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD); the other type is idiopathic MCAD. [1] MCAS is an immunological condition in which mast cells, a type of white blood cell, inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, such as histamine, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or ...
Antivenoms are purified from animal serum by several processes and may contain other serum proteins that can act as immunogens.Some individuals may react to the antivenom with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis) or a delayed hypersensitivity (serum sickness) reaction, and antivenom should, therefore, be used with caution.
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