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In car design, ground effect is a series of effects which have been exploited in automotive aerodynamics to create downforce, particularly in racing cars. This has been the successor to the earlier dominant aerodynamic focus on streamlining .
Ekranoplan A-90 Orlyonok. A ground-effect vehicle (GEV), also called a wing-in-ground-effect (WIGE or WIG), ground-effect craft/machine (GEM), wingship, flarecraft, surface effect vehicle or ekranoplan (Russian: экранопла́н – "screenglider"), is a vehicle that is able to move over the surface by gaining support from the reactions of the air against the surface of the earth or water.
DXF100 - 15 seater wing-in-ground effect craft, designed by China Academy of Science & Technology Development.In 2000, the model is for commercial sale in China. The first buyer of Tianyi-1 used the vehicle to carry tourists around Lake Tai.
The Chaparral 2J is a sports prototype race car, designed and developed by Jim Hall and Hap Sharp, and built by American manufacturer Chaparral. It conformed to Group 7 regulations and competed in the 1970 Can-Am Championship series. [5] [6] It is an early example of a ground effect racing car. [7] The 2J was the most unusual Chaparral.
By 1981 the ground effect cars were so efficient and so fast that the drivers were suffering from the tremendous g-forces involved in cornering and braking. The FIA banned the moveable skirts fitted to the bottom of the cars' sidepods that were vital for achieving consistent ground effect and regulated a mandatory ground clearance of 6 cm, in the interests of driver safety.
A distinctive feature of the GMA T.50 is the 8.5 kW 40 cm aerodynamic fan integrated into the rear of the car, powered by a 48 volt electrical motor. Inspired by the Brabham BT46B Formula One car, it is purpose-built to significantly improve the ground effect of the T.50.
The Lotus 79 is a Formula One car designed in late 1977 by Colin Chapman, Geoff Aldridge, Martin Ogilvie, Tony Rudd, Tony Southgate and Peter Wright of Lotus.The Lotus 79 was the first F1 car to take full advantage of ground effect aerodynamics.
Ground effect may refer to: Ground effect (aerodynamics), the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag of a wing close to a fixed surface; Ground effect (cars), an effect that creates downforce, primarily in racing cars; Ground-effect vehicle, a vehicle which attains level flight near the surface of the Earth due to ground effect