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Ionic micelles are typically very affected by the salt concentration. In ionic micelles the monomers are typically fully ionized, but the high electric field strength at the surface of the micelles will cause adsorption of some proportion of the free counter-ions.
The shape and size of a micelle are a function of the molecular geometry of its surfactant molecules and solution conditions such as surfactant concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms part of the phase behaviour of many lipids according to their polymorphism. [5]
A monomer is dispersed or emulsified in a solution of surfactant and water, forming relatively large droplets in water. Excess surfactant creates micelles in the water. Small amounts of monomer diffuse through the water to the micelle. A water-soluble initiator is introduced into the water phase where it reacts with monomer in the micelles.
Note 1: Usually the chain-ends are ions, although ions can also be located ionic on the monomer molecules, as in an activated-monomer polymerization. Note 2: The ions may also be present in the form of higher aggregates that usually are less reactive than non-aggregated species. Modified from the earlier definition. [1]
Propagation proceeds by addition of monomer to the active species, i.e. the carbenium ion. The monomer is added to the growing chain in a head-to-tail fashion; in the process, the cationic end group is regenerated to allow for the next round of monomer addition. [6] General propagation pathway
Microemulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process where transport of monomers, free radicals and other species (such as chain transfer agent, co-surfactant and inhibitors) between the aqueous and organic phases, takes place. [4]
In colloid science, a micellar solution consists of a dispersion of micelles (small particles) in a solvent (most usually water). Micelles are made of chemicals that are attracted to both water and oily solvents, known as amphiphiles. In a micellar solution, some amphiphiles are clumped together and some are dispersed.
Water could penetrate between the micelles, and new micelles could form in the interstices between old micelles. The swelling of starch grains and their growth was described by a molecular-aggregate model, which he also applied to the cellulose of the plant cell wall.