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Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens.
Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders.Medical genetics differs from human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care.
RGD (Rat Genome Database): genomic and phenotype data for Rattus norvegicus; Saccharomyces Genome Database: [12] genome of the yeast model organism; SNPedia; SoyBase Database [13] (SoyBase): USDA soybean genetics and genomic database ; UCSC Malaria Genome Browser: genome of malaria causing species (Plasmodium falciparum and others)
Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dimensional structural configuration.
During the 1990s, the identification of newly discovered genes and new techniques for DNA sequencing led to the appearance of a distinct field of molecular and genomic laboratory medicine; in 1995, the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) was formed to give it structure. In 1999, the AMP co-founded The Journal of Medical Diagnostics. [10]
In 2013 the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended that certain genes always be included any time a genomic sequencing was done, and that labs should report the results. [31] DNA studies have been criticised for a range of methodological problems and providing misleading, interpretations on racial classifications.
The kind of technology used in genetic engineering is also being developed to treat people with genetic disorders in an experimental medical technique called gene therapy. [23] However, here the new, properly working gene is put in targeted cells, not altering the chance of future children inheriting the disease causing alleles.
In 2007 the Human Genetics Unit formed a partnership with two neighbouring research centres on the Western General Hospital campus, the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (University of Edinburgh) and the Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre (Cancer Research UK), to create the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine.
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