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Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. [ 1 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] It is mainly used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers .
These drugs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and are generally considered effective. [3] When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole".
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
Antacids are available over the counter and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease and indigestion. Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms. [4]
Normally, histamine acts on H 2 to stimulate acid secretion; drugs that inhibit H 2 signaling thus reduce the secretion of gastric acid. H 2-antihistamines are among first-line therapy to treat gastrointestinal conditions including peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Some formulations are available over the counter.
[21] [22] Domperidone is available over-the-counter in many countries, for instance in Europe and elsewhere throughout the world. [ 24 ] [ 2 ] It is not approved for use in the United States. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 2 ] However, it is available in the United States for people with severe and treatment-refractory gastrointestinal motility problems under ...
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