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The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4] Cancer is generally not contagious in humans, though it can be caused by oncoviruses and cancer ...
The central role of DNA damage and epigenetic defects in DNA repair genes in carcinogenesis. DNA damage is considered to be the primary cause of cancer. [17] More than 60,000 new naturally-occurring instances of DNA damage arise, on average, per human cell, per day, due to endogenous cellular processes (see article DNA damage (naturally occurring)).
Viruses [65] are the usual infectious agents that cause cancer but bacteria and parasites may also play a role. Oncoviruses (viruses that can cause human cancer) include: Human papillomavirus (cervical cancer), Epstein–Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma),
Multiple myeloma is the second-most prevalent blood cancer (10%) after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [154] It represents about 1.8% of all new cancers and 2.1% of all cancer deaths. [7] Multiple myeloma affects slightly more men than women.
The pattern extends to multiple cancers, including those affecting the breast, prostate, melanoma, and thyroid. The growing case for doing less: How harmless cancers are being overdiagnosed in America
Usually, multiple oncogenes, along with mutated apoptotic or tumor suppressor genes, act in concert to cause cancer. Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes.
Smoking cigarettes had the largest impact on cancer rates, accounting for nearly 20% of cancers in 2019, meaning that as many as 206,550 cases and 103,000 deaths could have been prevented if all ...
The risk of developing many types of cancer — including breast, pancreatic, ovarian and colorectal — has become higher among millennials and generation X than among older generations, a new ...
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