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Propionate fermentation is a form of fermentation with propionic acid as one of the products. This process is done through the fermentation pathway of bacteria. It is used in a variety of industrial, food-making, and medical applications.
Propionic acid inhibits the growth of mold and some bacteria at levels between 0.1 and 1% by weight. As a result, some propionic acid produced is consumed as a preservative for both animal feed and food for human consumption. For animal feed, it is used either directly or as its ammonium salt. This application accounts for about half of the ...
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. [1] The SCFAs' lower limit is interpreted differently, either with one, two, three or four carbon atoms. [ citation needed ] Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric acid.
Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8:0 Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid ...
Therefore, some people are urging that sulfur dioxide be banned as a preservative and food additive, in wine and other food and beverages. [10] Propionic acid, which is also used as a preservative, has also been shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. [8] However, there are currently only two ways to minimize the health threat of sulfur dioxide. [10]
It is used as a food preservative and is represented by the food labeling E number E281 in Europe; it is used primarily as a mold inhibitor in bakery products. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, [ 2 ] USA [ 3 ] and Australia and New Zealand [ 4 ] (where it is listed by its INS number 281).
It is used in several products, which include: fertilizers, water treatment chemicals, and plant protection products. It is also used in different areas, such as: manufacturing, forestry, agriculture, and fishing. [1] It also serves as an antiseptic, antifungal agent, antimould agent, and preservative in feed industry or food industry. [2]
Bacterial fermentation in the gut is a quantitatively significant source of propionic acid, which is a precursor for methylmalonic acid. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Alongside this, propionic acid is also absorbed through the diet, as it is naturally present in certain foods or is added as a preservative by the food industry, especially in baked goods [ 18 ...