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A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth [1] or within the critical period. In some countries, the term native language or mother tongue refers to the language of one's ethnic group rather than the individual's actual first language. Generally, to state ...
A method of language teaching characterized by translation and the study of grammar rules. Involves presentation of grammatical rules, vocabulary lists, and translation. Emphasizes knowledge and use of language rules rather than communicative competence. This method of language teaching was popular in the 20th century until the early 1960s.
First published Latest edition Date Pages Usage examples (approx.) Main dialect Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary: Cambridge University Press: 2003 [3] 4th (ISBN 9781107619500) 2013 (24.06) 1,856 140,000 British: Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary: Collins Cobuild: 1987 10th (ISBN 978-0008444907) 2023 (13.04) 1,920 British
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, also known as MEDAL, is an advanced learner's dictionary first published in 2002 by Macmillan Education.It shares most of the features of this type of dictionary: it provides definitions in simple language, using a controlled defining vocabulary; most words have example sentences to illustrate how they are typically used; and information is ...
The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), first published by Longman in 1978, [1] is an advanced learner's dictionary, providing definitions using a restricted vocabulary, helping non-native English speakers understand meanings easily. It is available in four configurations:
Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 3rd Edition CD-ROM. The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (abbreviated CALD) is a British dictionary of the English language. It was first published in 1995 under the title Cambridge International Dictionary of English by the Cambridge University Press. The dictionary has over 140,000 words, phrases ...
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Special edition in two volumes (USSR, 1982). The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (OALD) was the first advanced learner's dictionary of English. It was first published in 1948. It is the largest English-language dictionary from Oxford University Press aimed at a
WordNet is a lexical database of semantic relations between words that links words into semantic relations including synonyms, hyponyms, and meronyms. The synonyms are grouped into synsets with short definitions and usage examples. It can thus be seen as a combination and extension of a dictionary and thesaurus.