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  2. Hull speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_speed

    Hull speed or displacement speed is the speed at which the wavelength of a vessel's bow wave is equal to the waterline length of the vessel. As boat speed increases from rest, the wavelength of the bow wave increases, and usually its crest-to-trough dimension (height) increases as well. When hull speed is exceeded, a vessel in displacement mode ...

  3. Waterline length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterline_length

    In particular, any "displacement" or non-planing boat requires much greater power to accelerate beyond its hull speed, which is determined by the length of the waterline, and can be calculated using the formula: Vmax (in knots) = square root of LWL (in feet) x 1.34. The hull speed is the speed at which the wavelength of the bow wave stretches ...

  4. Velocity prediction program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_prediction_program

    A velocity prediction program (VPP) is a computer program which solves for the performance of a sailing yacht in various wind conditions by balancing hull and sail forces. VPPs are used by yacht designers, boat builders, model testers, sailors, sailmakers, also America's Cup teams, to predict the performance of a sailboat before it has been built or prior to major modifications.

  5. International rule (sailing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_rule_(sailing)

    For the International rule, the rating number is approximately equal to the sailing length of the hull. These boats have long overhangs which allow the waterline length to increase as the boat heels over. A displacement hull's maximum speed (the hull speed) is directly proportional to the square root of its waterline length. [2] The first ...

  6. Chip log - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_log

    This nomenclature dates back to the days of sail, when sailors attached a piece of lumber (a "log" of wood) to a rope knotted at regular intervals off the stern of a ship. Sailors counted the number of knots that passed through their hands in a given time to determine the ship's speed. Today, sailors and aircraft pilots still express speed in ...

  7. Polar diagram (sailing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_diagram_(sailing)

    A polar diagram, or polar plot, is a graph that shows a sailboat's potential speed over a range of wind speeds and relative wind angles. [1] It normally consists of the right side of a line chart with the radius representing the yacht speed and the angle representing the wind direction blowing from top to bottom. Several lines are normally ...

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  9. Forces on sails - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_on_sails

    Forward resistance comprises the types of drag that impede a sailboat's speed through water (or an ice boat's speed over the surface) include components of parasitic drag, consisting primarily of form drag, which arises because of the shape of the hull, and skin friction, which arises from the friction of the water (for boats) or air (for ice ...